The newly convened US Congress began in disarray on Friday, January 3, 2025, as a group of right-wing Republicans defied former President Donald Trump by blocking Mike Johnson‘s bid to become Speaker of the House of Representatives.

Background

Johnson, a Louisiana congressman, received significant backing from Trump, who publicly endorsed him as the party’s choice for Speaker. The position, which requires a simple majority vote, is pivotal as it not only oversees House proceedings but also stands second in line to the presidency.

Despite the Republican Party holding a narrow majority of 219-215, Johnson fell short of the required 218 votes, with three Republicans refusing to back him. This failure signals deep divisions within the GOP and raises concerns about governance in the upcoming term.

The Stakes

The speakership is crucial, especially as Congress is responsible for certifying Trump’s presidential victory, scheduled for Monday. Without a Speaker, the House remains paralyzed, unable to proceed with legislative duties.

Johnson’s inability to secure the necessary votes marks another setback for Trump, who had previously faced resistance from House Republicans during a December debate over the federal borrowing limit.

Challenges to Johnson’s Bid

• Party Divisions: Johnson’s bipartisan tendencies and willingness to collaborate with Democrats during the 2023-25 session alienated conservative hard-liners.

• Fiscal Concerns: Critics labeled him as weak on addressing the federal deficit.

• Leadership Perception: Some conservatives, including Kentucky’s Thomas Massie, expressed dissatisfaction with Johnson’s leadership potential, describing him as a compromise candidate lacking a strong track record.

Next Steps

The House will proceed to a second round of voting, with Johnson’s prospects uncertain. If the impasse continues, moderate Republicans may consider alternative candidates. Potential contenders include:

• Steve Scalise: House Whip and Trump loyalist, though health issues could hinder his bid.

• Jim Jordan: Judiciary Committee chairman, favored by the GOP’s far-right faction.

Historical Context

The deadlock mirrors the tumultuous start of the previous Congress in January 2023, which also required multiple rounds to elect a Speaker—a situation not seen since 1923.

The failure to elect a Speaker on the first ballot underscores the GOP’s internal divisions and casts uncertainty over its ability to govern effectively. The outcome of subsequent rounds will determine whether Republicans can rally behind Johnson or pivot to an alternative candidate capable of unifying the party.

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